裁判、运动员、球迷：美国边境限制如何玷污了世界杯
Referees, athletes, fans: how the US border crackdowns …
Instead of bringing people together, the World Cup is in danger of being remembered for the climate of exclusion and fear generated by one of its host nations.
本应将人们聚集在一起，但现在世界杯却面临着被铭记为由其东道国之一所制造的排斥和恐惧氛围的风险。
This was supposed to be the most spectacular FIFA men’s World Cup in history. There are more national teams (48) , more host countries (three) and more matches (104) than ever before.
这本应是历史上最盛大的国际足联男子世界杯。它拥有比以往更多的国家队（48支）、更多的主办国（三个）和更多的比赛场次（104场）。
For 39 glorious days, billions of people around the world will be glued to their screens watching.
在这39个辉煌的日子里，全球数十亿人将沉浸在屏幕前观看。
FIFA has estimated it could result in as much as US$30.5 billion (A$43 billion) in tourist revenue for the United States, Canada and Mexico – the three host countries.
国际足联估计，这可能为美国、加拿大和墨西哥——这三个主办国带来高达305亿美元（澳元430亿）的旅游收入。
Yet much of the pre-tournament gloss has been eroded by events that have taken place far from the playing fields.
然而，许多赛前光环却被发生在远离球场之外的事件所削弱。
FIFA, the US and human rights
国际足联、美国和人权
This is the first World Cup where FIFA embedded human rights requirements into the bidding and hosting process.
这是国际足联将人权要求嵌入到竞选和举办流程中的第一届世界杯。
The problem is, 78 of the tournament’s 104 matches are due to be played in the US, where – according to many critics, including Amnesty International – xenophobia and performative cruelty have been guiding immigration policy since Donald Trump returned to the White House.
问题在于，锦标赛的104场比赛中，有78场定于在美国举行，而根据包括国际特赦组织在内的许多批评人士的说法，自唐纳德·特朗普重返白宫以来，美国一直由仇外情绪和表演性的残忍来指导其移民政策。
Human Rights Watch reported that from January 2025 to March 2026, Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) arrested 167,000 people around the 11 US cities that will be hosting matches.
人权观察报告称，在2025年1月至2026年3月期间，移民和海关执法局（ICE）逮捕了约167,000人，这些人来自将举办比赛的美国11个城市。
Two months ago, Amnesty International and more than 100 local human rights organisations issued an explicit travel warning for fans, players and officials planning to visit the US for the World Cup.
两个月前，国际特赦组织和一百多个当地人权组织发布了明确的旅行警告，警告前往美国参加世界杯的球迷、球员和官员。
Visitors were warned about “racial profiling” at the border, intrusive searches, and other violations of “the United States’ human rights obligations under domestic and international law”.
游客们被警告，在边境可能会遇到“种族定型”，侵入性搜查，以及其他违反“美国在国内和国际法律下的各项人权义务”的行为。
Perhaps not surprisingly, a recent survey of 200 host city hotels found tourist bookings were much lower than expected.
不出所料，对200家举办城市酒店的最新调查发现游客预订量远低于预期。
Things may be about to get worse.
事情可能要变得更糟了。
Controversies ahead of the World Cup
世界杯前的争议
Africa’s leading referee, Omar Artan from Somalia, was scheduled to officiate at several upcoming World Cup matches.
来自索马里的非洲顶级裁判奥马尔·阿尔坦原定要执裁多场即将到来的世界杯比赛。
Despite holding a valid passport and visa, Artan was denied entry to the US when he arrived in Miami last Saturday and will now miss the tournament.
尽管持有有效的护照和签证，但阿尔坦在上周抵达迈阿密时被拒绝入境美国，因此将错过本次赛事。
US officials claimed “vetting concerns”, but there is no precedent for an official FIFA referee being denied entry to a country hosting the World Cup – including fascist Italy in 1934 or Argentina in 1978 under the military junta.
美国官员声称是出于“背景审查方面的担忧”，但历史上从未有官方国际足联裁判被禁止进入举办世界杯的国家——包括1934年的法西斯意大利或1978年军事政权下的阿根廷。
There is a precedent, however, of Trump describing Somalia as a “disgusting country” and claiming Somali immigrants are “garbage” who “contribute nothing” to the US.
然而，特朗普曾描述索马里是一个“令人作呕的国家”，并声称索马里移民是“垃圾”，对美国“没有任何贡献”。
Around a quarter of the countries competing in this year’s World Cup face some kind of travel ban or tight visa restriction under the Trump administration.
在特朗普政府时期，大约四分之一参加今年世界杯的国家面临某种旅行禁令或严格的签证限制。
Even players and coaches who are granted entry may face unusual scrutiny.
即使获得入境许可的球员和教练也可能面临不寻常的审查。
Earlier this week, the teams from Senegal and Uzbekistan were allegedly subjected to harsh and humiliating searches by airport security.
本周早些时候，来自塞内加尔和乌兹别克斯坦的队伍据称受到了机场安检人员严厉且屈辱的搜查。
However, there was some attempt by Senegal’s football federation to calm tensions after many people on social media accused US officials of racism.
然而，在许多人在社交媒体上指责美国官员种族主义之后，塞内加尔足协曾试图缓和紧张局势。
Meanwhile, a public relations conflict between Iran and the US – who remain at war – is escalating, with Iranian soccer officials accusing the US of “obstructionism” with regard to the travel restrictions imposed on their players, as well as “malice and a lack of equality among teams.”
与此同时，伊朗和美国之间——两国仍处于战争状态——的公关冲突正在升级。伊朗足球官员指控美国对限制其球员旅行的行为构成“阻挠”，以及存在“恶意和团队不平等”。
In response, a US official claimed Iran may use the World Cup as an opportunity “to sneak terrorists into the United States.”
作为回应，一位美国官员声称，伊朗可能会利用世界杯的机会“将恐怖分子偷偷带入美国”。
FIFA had high hopes
国际足联曾抱有极高期望
The two previous World Cup tournaments – Russia in 2018, Qatar in 2022 – were both marred by controversies: Russia’s because of Vladimir Putin’s authoritarianism, as well as his military support for Syria’s dictatorship during that country’s bloody civil war; and Qatar’s because of alleged exploitation of the foreign labourers who built its dazzling stadiums.
前两届世界杯——2018年的俄罗斯和2022年的卡塔尔——都饱受争议：俄罗斯的争议源于弗拉基米尔·普京的威权主义，以及其在当地血腥内战期间对叙利亚政权的军事支持；而卡塔尔的争议则在于对其建造炫目体育场馆的外国劳工涉嫌剥削。
The soccer was still fantastic, but FIFA’s Human Rights Policy was supposedly introduced to ameliorate growing concerns about “sportswashing” by states hosting the World Cup.
足球本身依然精彩，但国际足联的人权政策据称是为了缓解各国举办世界杯时日益增长的“洗白运动”（sportswashing）担忧。
This year was supposed to be different.
今年本应有所不同。
FIFA President Gianni Infantino said it would be “the biggest, the most inclusive, the greatest FIFA World Cup ever.”
国际足联主席詹尼·因凡蒂诺说这将是“有史以来最大、最包容、最伟大的国际足联世界杯”。
Instead, Canada and Mexico now find themselves co-hosting with a country that is experiencing democratic backsliding, and where some fans are too afraid to attend games lest they be detained and deported by ICE.
然而，加拿大和墨西哥现在却与一个正在经历民主倒退的国家联合举办赛事，而一些球迷甚至因为担心被移民及海关执法局（ICE）拘留和驱逐，不敢出席比赛。
A legacy tarnished?
遗产蒙尘？
Instead of bringing people together, the 2026 World Cup is in danger of being remembered for the climate of exclusion and fear generated by one of its hosts.
2026年世界杯本应是凝聚人心的盛事，但现在却面临着因某国主办方所营造的排斥和恐惧氛围而留下负面印象的风险。
That ugly spectacle is something no sport should ever tolerate.
这种丑陋的景象，任何体育运动都不应该容忍。
Simon Adams does not work for, consult, own shares in or receive funding from any company or organisation that would benefit from this article, and has disclosed no relevant affiliations beyond their academic appointment.
Simon Adams不为任何从本文中受益的公司或组织工作、提供咨询、拥有股份或接受资金，并且除了其学术任职之外，未披露任何相关关联。
