什么是正战？在特朗普政府和天主教会之间的“言语战争”中
What is a just war? Inside the war of words between the…
Catholic peacebuilding expert Gerard F. Powers talks to The Conversation about the just war tradition.
天主教和平建设专家杰拉德·F·鲍尔斯（Gerard F. Powers）在《对话》杂志（The Conversation）上谈论了正战传统。
Pope Leo’s words on Palm Sunday were pointed. “Jesus does not listen to the prayers of those who wage war”, he said during an address at the Vatican.
教宗利奥在棕枝主日的话语非常尖锐。他在梵蒂冈的一次讲话中说：“耶稣不听那些发动战争的人的祈祷。”
A few days later in early April, when Timothy Broglio, the archbishop for US military services, was asked on CBS’s Face the Nation if the Iran war is a “just war” in the tradition of the Catholic church, he said: “It is not. While there was a threat with nuclear arms, it’s compensating for a threat before the threat is actually realised.”
几天后，在四月初，当美国军事服务总主教蒂莫西·布罗格里奥（Timothy Broglio）在CBS的《国家面孔》节目中被问及伊朗战争是否符合天主教传统的“正义战争”时，他回答说：“不符合。虽然存在核武器威胁，但这只是在威胁真正实现之前，对威胁的一种补偿。”
US Vice President JD Vance – a recent convert to Catholicism – and Mike Johnson, speaker of the House, pushed back, arguing that the conflict does fit within the church’s just war tradition.
美国副总统JD·万斯——一位最近皈依天主教的信徒——和众议院议长迈克·约翰逊（Mike Johnson）则提出了反对意见，他们认为这场冲突符合教会的“正义战争”传统。
Just war theory, first articulated by St Augustine in the fifth century, outlines the church’s moral guidelines for political and military leaders to consider before choosing to go to war. But it’s not static, and the church’s own position has become more restrictive in recent years.
正义战争理论最早由圣奥古斯丁在五世纪提出，它概述了教会为政治和军事领导人制定的道德准则，指导他们在选择发动战争前必须考虑。但它并非一成不变，近年来教会自身的立场也变得越来越严格。
In this episode of The Conversation Weekly podcast, Jerry Powers, the director of Catholic Peace Building Studies at the University of Notre Dame in Indiana, explains how the Catholic church’s just war tradition evolved and the influence it’s had on US military thinking. Powers was a senior advisor on international policy for the U.S. Conference of Catholic Bishops during the Iraq war, and was involved in efforts to persuade the Bush administration not to invade.
在本期《对话周刊》播客节目中，印第安纳大学圣母德蕾斯学院天主教和平建设研究主任杰里·鲍尔斯（Jerry Powers）解释了天主教的“正义战争”传统是如何演变的，以及它对美国军事思维产生了哪些影响。鲍尔斯曾在伊拉克战争期间担任美国天主教主教会议国际政策高级顾问，并参与了说服布什政府不入侵的努力。
He sets out the difficulty now facing Catholics serving in the US military, whose archbishop has now spoken out against the war they’re being asked to fight. “It puts military officers and especially soldiers in a real conundrum,” says Powers. “A soldier has no choice but to obey orders, and if you disobey orders you could very serious repercussions. The officer question is a different one because officers are more senior, and I think officers have to just resign their commission if at some point, they think this is an immoral war.”
他阐述了目前美国军方天主教徒所面临的困境，他们的总主教已经公开反对他们被要求参与的战争。“这让军官，尤其是士兵陷入了真正的两难境地，”鲍尔斯说。“士兵别无选择，只能服从命令，如果违抗命令，可能会面临非常严重的后果。军官的问题则不同，因为军官级别更高，我认为如果军官在某个时刻认为这是一场不道德的战争，他们就必须辞去军职。”
Listen to the interview with Jerry Powers on The Conversation Weekly podcast. This episode of The Conversation Weekly was written and produced by Katie Flood and Mend Mariwany and the executive producer was Gemma Ware. Mixing by Eleanor Brezzi and theme music by Neeta Sarl.
收听杰里·鲍尔斯在《对话周刊》播客节目的访谈。本期《对话周刊》由凯蒂·弗洛德（Katie Flood）和门德·马里万尼（Mend Mariwany）撰稿和制作，执行制作人是Gemma Ware。混音由Eleanor Brezzi负责，主题音乐由Neeta Sarl负责。
Newsclips in this episode from CB S News, AP Archive, BB C, CBS Sunday Morning, ABC News, Rome Reports, KREM 2 News, MS NOW and WUSA 9.
本期节目中的新闻片段来自CBS News、AP Archive、BBC、CBS Sunday Morning、ABC News、Rome Reports、KREM 2 News、MS NOW和WUSA 9。
Listen to The Conversation Weekly via any of the apps listed above, download it directly via our RSS feed or find out how else to listen here. A transcript of this episode is available via the Apple Podcasts or Spotify apps.
可通过上述任何应用程序收听《对话周刊》，或通过我们的RSS源直接下载，或点击此处了解其他收听方式。本期节目的文字记录可在Apple Podcasts或Spotify应用程序上获取。
Gerard F. Powers received a grant from the Nuclear Threat Initiative that helped support the Catholic Peacebuilding Network’s Project on Revitalizing Catholic Engagement on Nuclear Disarmament. He is an expert consultant (unpaid) to the Holy See Mission to the UN. From 1987-2004, Powers was a senior advisor on international policy for the U.S. Conference of Catholic Bishops.
杰拉德·F·鲍尔斯（Gerard F. Powers）获得了“核威胁倡议组织”（Nuclear Threat Initiative）的资助，该资助帮助支持了天主教和平建设网络关于“振兴天主教参与核裁军”的项目。他是梵蒂冈驻联合国使团的专家顾问（无薪）。从1987年到2004年，鲍尔斯曾担任美国天主教主教会议国际政策高级顾问。
